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KENYA.CRD
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#CARD:Kenya:Geography
#WORD 42 68 258 257 0
Kenya Click Here for Country List
#IMAGE 44 61 TWPCX \maps\KENYA.PCX
Geography Click Here for MAP
Location:
Eastern Africa, bordering the northwestern India Ocean between
Tanzania and Somalia
Map references:
Africa, Standard Time Zones of the World
Area:
total area:
582,650 sq km
land area:
569,250 sq km
comparative area:
slightly more than twice the size of Nevada
Land boundaries:
total 3,446 km, Ethiopia 830 km, Somalia 682 km, Sudan 232 km,
Tanzania 769 km, Uganda 933 km
Coastline:
536 km
Maritime claims:
exclusive economic zone:
200 nm
territorial sea:
12 nm
International disputes:
administrative boundary with Sudan does not coincide with
international boundary; possible claim by Somalia based on unification
of ethnic Somalis
Climate:
varies from tropical along coast to arid in interior
Terrain:
low plains rise to central highlands bisected by Great Rift Valley;
fertile plateau in west
Natural resources:
gold, limestone, soda ash, salt barytes, rubies, fluorspar, garnets,
wildlife
Land use:
arable land:
3%
permanent crops:
1%
meadows and pastures:
7%
forest and woodland:
4%
other:
85%
Irrigated land:
520 sq km (1989)
Environment:
current issues:
water pollution from urban and industrial wastes; degradation of water
quality from increased use of pesticides and fertilizers;
deforestation; soil erosion; desertification; poaching
natural hazards:
NA
international agreements:
party to - Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine
Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship
Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling; signed, but not ratified - Biodiversity,
Climate Change
Note:
the Kenyan Highlands comprise one of the most successful agricultural
production regions in Africa; glaciers on Mt. Kenya; unique
physiography supports abundant and varied wildlife of scientific and
economic value
#CARD:Kenya:People
People
Population:
28,240,658 (July 1994 est.)
Population growth rate:
3.07% (1994 est.)
Birth rate:
42.44 births/1,000 population (1994 est.)
Death rate:
11.74 deaths/1,000 population (1994 est.)
Net migration rate:
0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1994 est.)
Infant mortality rate:
74.1 deaths/1,000 live births (1994 est.)
Life expectancy at birth:
total population:
53.23 years
male:
51.48 years
female:
55.03 years (1994 est.)
Total fertility rate:
5.91 children born/woman (1994 est.)
Nationality:
noun:
Kenyan(s)
adjective:
Kenyan
Ethnic divisions:
Kikuyu 22%, Luhya 14%, Luo 13%, Kalenjin 12%, Kamba 11%, Kisii 6%,
Meru 6%, Asian, European, and Arab 1%, other 15%
Religions:
Roman Catholic 28%, Protestant (including Anglican) 26%, indigenous
beliefs 18%, Muslim 6%
Languages:
English (official), Swahili (official), numerous indigenous languages
Literacy:
age 15 and over can read and write (1990 est.)
total population:
69%
male:
80%
female:
58%
Labor force:
9.2 million (includes unemployed); the total employed is 1,370,000
(14.8% of the labor force)
by occupation:
agriculture 75-80% (1993 est.), non-agriculture 20-25% (1993 est.)
#CARD:Kenya:Government
Government
Names:
conventional long form:
Republic of Kenya
conventional short form:
former:
British East Africa
Digraph:
KE
Type:
republic
Capital:
Nairobi
Administrative divisions:
8 provinces; Central, Coast, Eastern, Nairobi, North Eastern, Nyanza,
Rift Valley, Western
Independence:
12 December 1963 (from UK)
National holiday:
Independence Day, 12 December (1963)
Constitution:
12 December 1963, amended as a republic 1964; reissued with amendments
1979, 1983, 1986, 1988, 1991, and 1992
Legal system:
based on English common law, tribal law, and Islamic law; judicial
review in High Court; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with
reservations; constitutional amendment of 1982 making Kenya a de jure
one-party state repealed in 1991
Suffrage:
18 years of age; universal
Executive branch:
chief of state and head of government:
President Daniel Teroitich arap MOI (since 14 October 1978); Vice
President George SAITOTI (since 10 May 1989); election last held on 29
December 1992 (next to be held NA 1997); results - President Daniel T.
arap MOI was reelected with 37% of the vote; Kenneth Matiba
(FORD-ASILI) 26%; Mwai Kibaki (SP) 19%, Oginga Odinga (FORD-Kenya) 17%
cabinet:
Cabinet; appointed by the president
Legislative branch:
unicameral
National Assembly (Bunge):
elections last held on 29 December 1992; results - (188 total) KANU
100, FORD-Kenya 31, FORD-Asili 31, DP 23, smaller parties 3; president
nominates 12 additional members
note:
first multiparty election since repeal of one-party state law in 1991
Judicial branch:
Court of Appeal, High Court
Political parties and leaders:
ruling party is Kenya African National Union (KANU), Daniel T. arap
MOI, president; opposition parties include Forum for the Restoration
of Democracy (FORD-Kenya), Michael WAMALWA; Forum for the Restoration
of Democracy (FORD-Asili), Kenneth MATIBA; Democratic Party of Kenya
(DP), Mwai KIBAKI; Kenya National Congress (KNC), Titus MBATHI; Kenya
Social Congress (KSC), George ANYONA; Kenya National Democratic
Alliance (KENYA), Mukara NG'ANG'A; Party for Independent Candidates of
Kenya (PKK), Otieno OTOERA
Other political or pressure groups:
labor unions; Roman Catholic Church
Member of:
ACP, AfDB, C, CCC, EADB, ECA, FAO, G-77, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO,
ICFTU, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IGADD, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC,
IOM, ISO, ITU, LORCS, MINURSO, NAM, OAU, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO,
UNIKOM, UNPROFOR, UNTAC, UPU, WCL, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
Diplomatic representation in US:
chief of mission:
(vacant)
chancery:
2249 R Street NW, Washington, DC 20008
telephone:
(202) 387-6101
consulate(s) general:
Los Angeles and New York
US diplomatic representation:
chief of mission:
Ambassador Aurelia BRAZEAL
embassy:
corner of Moi Avenue and Haile Selassie Avenue, Nairobi
mailing address:
P. O. Box 30137, Unit 64100, Nairobi or APO AE 09831
telephone:
[254] (2) 334141
FAX:
[254] (2) 340838
Flag:
three equal horizontal bands of black (top), red, and green; the red
band is edged in white; a large warrior's shield covering crossed
spears is superimposed at the center
#CARD:Kenya:Economy
Economy
Overview:
Kenya's 3.1% annual population growth rate - one of the highest in the
world - has led to a decline in per capita output in each of the last
three years, 1991-93. Undependable weather conditions and a shortage
of arable land hamper long-term growth in agriculture, the leading
economic sector. In industry and services, Nairobi's reluctance to
embrace IMF-supported reforms has held back investment. Ethnic clashes
and continued suspension of quick disbursing aid by the international
donors kept growth at only 0.5% in 1993.
National product:
GDP - purchasing power equivalent - $33.2 billion (1993 est.)
National product real growth rate:
0.5% (1993 est.)
National product per capita:
$1,200 (1993 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices):
55% (1993 est.)
Unemployment rate:
23.8% urban (1993 est.)
Budget:
revenues:
$2.4 billion
expenditures:
$2.8 billion, including capital expenditures of $740 million (1990
est.)
Exports:
$1 billion (f.o.b., 1992 est.)
commodities:
tea 25%, coffee 18%, petroleum products 11% (1990)
partners:
EC 47%, Africa 23%, Asia 11%, US 4%, Middle East 3% (1991)
Imports:
$1.6 billion (f.o.b., 1992 est.)
commodities:
machinery and transportation equipment 29%, petroleum and petroleum
products 15%, iron and steel 7%, raw materials, food and consumer
goods (1989)
partners:
EC 46%, Asia 23%, Middle East 20%, US 5% (1991)
External debt:
$7 billion (1992 est.)
Industrial production:
growth rate 5.4% (1989 est.); accounts for 13% of GDP
Electricity:
capacity:
730,000 kW
production:
2.54 billion kWh
consumption per capita:
100 kWh (1990)
Industries:
small-scale consumer goods (plastic, furniture, batteries, textiles,
soap, cigarettes, flour), agricultural processing, oil refining,
cement, tourism
Agriculture:
most important sector, accounting for 25% of GDP and 65% of exports;
cash crops - coffee, tea, sisal, pineapple; food products - corn,
wheat, sugarcane, fruit, vegetables, dairy products, beef, pork,
poultry, eggs; food output not keeping pace with population growth,
and crop production has been extended into marginal land
Illicit drugs:
widespread wild, small-plot cultivation of marijuana and gat; most
locally consumed; transit country for Southwest Asian heroin moving to
West Africa and onward to Europe and North America; Indian
methaqualone also transits on way to South Africa
Economic aid:
recipient:
US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-89), $839 million; Western
(non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $7.49
billion; OPEC bilateral aid (1979-89), $74 million; Communist
countries (1970-89), $83 million
Currency:
1 Kenyan shilling (KSh) = 100 cents
Exchange rates:
Kenyan shillings (KSh) per US$1 - 68.413 (December 1993), 32.217
(1992), 27.508 (1991), 22.915 (1990), 20.572 (1989)
Fiscal year:
1 July - 30 June
#CARD:Kenya:Communications
Communications
Railroads:
2,040 km 1.000-meter gauge
Highways:
total:
64,590 km
paved:
7,000 km
unpaved:
gravel 4,150 km; improved earth 53,440 km
Inland waterways:
part of Lake Victoria system is within boundaries of Kenya
Pipelines:
petroleum products 483 km
Ports:
coastal - Mombasa, Lamu; inland - Kisumu
Merchant marine:
2 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 4,883 GRT/6,255 DWT, barge
carrier 1, oil tanker ship 1
Airports:
total:
248
usable:
213
with permanent-surface runways:
28
with runways over 3,659 m:
2
with runways 2,440-3,659 m:
3
with runways 1,220-2,439 m:
44
Telecommunications:
in top group of African systems; consists primarily of radio relay
links; over 260,000 telephones; broadcast stations - 16 AM; 4 FM, 6
TV; satellite earth stations - 1 Atlantic Ocean INTELSAT and 1 Indian
Ocean INTELSAT
#CARD:Kenya:Defense Forces
Defense Forces
Branches:
Army, Navy, Air Force, paramilitary General Service Unit of the Police
Manpower availability:
males age 15-49 6,144,891; fit for military service 3,799,202
Defense expenditures:
exchange rate conversion - $294 million, 4.9% of GDP (FY88/89 est.)
KENYA.0